Genres are categories based on content and emotions that they provoke. Films have to follow certain conventions to fit a certain genre.
We have genre to appeal to different social types and so that producers can appeal to a certain target audience.
Each genre have different conventions that they follow inorder to appeal to their target audience. For example, a light hearted atmosphere will be created in a comedy film and bright colours will be used. In contrast to this, in a horror film, a dark and sinister atmosphere will be created and dark colours may be used such as black which connotes death.
Conventions can come in three forms:
Visual Conventions-the ones you can see
Audio Conventions- the ones you can here
Thematic conventions-the themes we identify with the narrative
Each genre has certain conventions that it follows and signifies included within a film. For example, most horror films have low key lighting and create a dark and mysterious atmosphere. A general signifier in a horror is a knife and blood, both symbolising death. In contrast, conventions of a romance film include high key lighting and up beat music. A signifier may be a rose which symbolises love.
There are also three types of genre:
Majour
Minor
Hybrid
We were given the task to create a storyboard for a film opening and we used jelly babies as out actors. We could chose our own genre and were told to consider the shot types. Our group selected a social realism genre and our opening showed a man from a troubled background get into trouble. However, the opening did not reveal the plot line, resulting in an open narrative.
Through doing this task, we have realised the difficulties in creating an opening sequence. For example, there are many elements you need to consider, such as camera angles and ensuring that they fit with the conventions of the selected genre. It also showed us the steps in which you need to take when producing a storyboard. The first step is to pick a genre and then establish a plot line for your opening. You may find when doing this that you create more of your film. This can be beneficial because it allows you to develop the setting and character(s) which you are going to establish in you opening. However, this may mean that you may reveal more of the plot line within your opening as you have an idea of what you would like to happen. This has shown us that when we create our opening, that we should becareful when developing our plot and to try not to create the enitre film plot. This then allowed us to consider how we would use actors and camera shots and movements that would fit the conventions of the chosen genre.
One difficulty faced was commuication. Members of the group had different ideas of what they would like to do for the genre, which slowed us down when we began the task. However, when we had the plot line established, we found that decisions were passed quicker. Also, another difficulty we found was selecting camera angles and movement which fitted the conventions of a socail realsim film. This was difficult because larger indutstries, such as the Big Six, who produce high concept films do not produce films with this genre, so we have not seen so many films with this genre.
Good communication was key in this task. The first discussion we had as a group was to what genre we should do. We decided on a social realism opening as these are seen less in the media. Then we had to establish a plot line for our film. We all came to the quick, stereotypical story line of a teenage girl form a troubled background getting into trouble. However, we could not reveal too much of the plot in our opening, so showed the female protagonist leaving her house where shouts could be heard. We then showed her walking down a dark street which seems to be deprived. Then, a figure (the antagonist) begins to follow her. We decided to show this because it is a scenario that occurs in everyday life but is not often highlighted in the media other than by social realism films. Violence also occurred in the opening. We showed this because it fits the conventions of the social realism film as it is a problem within society. It also encourages the audience to ask questions such as what was the motive for this violence? How did those people know each other? These questions will encourage the audience to continue to watch.
If this film was being produced by an independent company, they may film it with a hand-held camera. Not only would this be cheaper, but would make it appear that a person form the community is filming the film, allowing the audience to engage with the film more. In the opening, many long shots were used. This allowed the audience to see the setting, which would be a deprived built up area. It would also allow the to see the characters full appearance. The main protagonist would be dressed scruffily, showing a lack of wealth. This fits the conventions of a social realism film because it shows the conditions that some people live in. Many tracking shots were also used for this reason.
These shots are simplistic to follow the conventions of the genre. The following photos show these shots:
This task will help when we come to producing our film as we have considered the the aspects that need to be included in a film opening, and have seen how challenging it can be to get too carried away and reveal a lot of the plot within the opening. It has also made us think about conventions of certain film genres and has enabled us to see the importance of establishing the whole plot line of the film before creating an opening.
This is our full storyboard showing all of the shots:
By evaluating past film openings, we were able to see common mistakes students make such as showing the title of the film at the end of the opening. By establishing these mistakes, we can ensure that we do not make the same mistakes when producing our openings. It also allowed us to see what makes a successful film opening, and what to avoid when producing our openings.
This opening is from the Sidney Stringer Academy and is called Retribution
The common mistake made in this opening is that the main title is shown at the end of the opening. This mistake is made by a lot of students when producing their openings and we need to ensure that we do not make the same mistake. However,the rest of the titles are shown in the order that film openings follow The titles are also made to stand out as they are white on a black background. The black background holds connotations of death while the white writing connote the innocence of the victim.
There is good use of non-diegetic sound withing this opening. The music helps to create the sinister and tense atmosphere felt within the opening. It is also appropriate of the apparent genre of horror. However, there is a lack of diegetic sound. When it is used it is a gasp towards the end of the clip. This could have been effective however sounds fake and is very loud compared to the rest of the film opening.
It is clear that Mise-En-Scene has been considered when the students produced this opening. the use of low key lighting contributes to the sinister and tense atmosphere and also connotes that something bad is going to happen. Also, the girl is wearing a white shit connoting that she is innocent. The location of this extract is unknown which is effective as the public will not know where the girl is being held. However, it is possible to infer that she is in a basement of some sort which is a common setting in horror films.
The use of camera angles has also clearly been considered when the students produced this opening. At the beginning of the opening, the camera is made to act as a mirror. This connotes that the girl was going about her every day life when she got kidnapped. There is also a high angled shot used when the girl is tied up connoting her venerability and that she is weak. A tracking shot is also used when the girl is walking.
In this opening, the use of editing is average. The 180 degree rule is used throughout, but there is not a lot of continuity. Although, it is clear what the film opening and film is about. Many sharp cuts are used which helps to make the opening fast paced. This pace will be echoed throughout the film. The fact that the sharps are cut are also relevant to the genre as they are quick and violent like the antagonist in most horror films.
The narrative in this opening is open as it does not say why the girl was taken or what is now going to happen to her. However, a lot of the plot is revealed within this opening and therefore it acts more as a trailer.
Overall, this film opening is good. The use of camera angles and were mise clearly considered and effective. Also the idea behind the titles was good although the main title was presented at the end making the opening more like a trailer. Also, the use of non-diegetic sounds was good, although the use of diegetic sound could have been used better.
This opening is from Chelmer Valley High School and is called Field Trip.
It is clear from the opening shot that this opening is for a horror film. The low key lighting and lack of non-diegetic sound connotes this. Also, dead bodies later revealed later in the opening and a mysterious figure connotes the genre of horror.
However, editing in this opening is poor. The 180 degree rule is broken. It is essential that the 180 degree rule is used and considered at all times so that the audience are not confused as to where they are viewing the film from. The opening also lacks continuity is some places.
The use of Mise-En-Scene is good in this opening. The low key lighting helps connotes a negative, sinister atmosphere which is appropriate to the genre. The negative connotations it holds further connotes that something bad is going to happen. Also, the character (victim) seen in this opening is wearing a white hoodie, the white connoting his innocence.
Although the narrative is open, it reveal more of the plot then it should as already within two minutes of the film, three people have been killed off.
There appears to be a consideration in the camera angles used. There are lots of establishing shots to show that the protagonist is isolated that that no help will be near by. It also reveals the dead bodies. There are also lots of high angled shots on the protagonist, connoting his venerability. However, the camera movement is very shaky and it is not clear if it is intentional or not and if they meant for the camera to be hand held. This makes the opening to look less professional.
Like the above film opening, the titles are in the correct order bar the main title which is at the end. This makes the opening look more like a trailer. The titles are written in white, connoting the protagonists innocence. However, the font was not suited to the horror genre.
There is not a lot of sound used in this opening, which is effective because it adds to the earry atmosphere and also enforces the fact that the protagonist is isolated. However, there is some faint non-diegetic sound introduce later in the opening which also contributed to the tense and eeary atmosphere. The use of diegetic dialogue is good as it helps show the desperation of the protagonist and also highlites the fact that he is alone.
Overall, this film opening looked unprofessional. This was mainly due to the hand held camera and poor editing. Also there could have been a better use of sound. However, the genre was clearly established and it was clear the mise and camera angles had been considered.
This Opening is from IIkley Grammar School and is called No Chance
Other than the main title being shown at the end of the opening, the titles are all in the correct order. It is also clear that they took the titles into consideration when editing their film as they are shown on everyday objects such as a piece of paper and the fridge. This is effective as it adds to the light hearted atmosphere that is created within this opening and that will be echoed throughout the film.
The genre romance and comedy is also clearly established within this opening. The non-diegetic music that is played is a love song, connoting the genre of romance. Also, competition is seen for a girl, further connoting the genre of romance. Comedy is suggested when the male protagonist is pushed against the loccas but still has a smile on his face.
The use of mise in this opening helps to show that the problems seen in this film is a typical teenage dilemma. This is connoted through the use of every day clothing and setting. The lighting is also natural and high key, connoting a happy, light hearted atmosphere which will be echoed throughout the film.
There is a good use of clear cross cutting to show the two main characters in this film and how their stories link together. The 180 degree rule is also kept throughout the opening as well as continuity.
Like most film openings, the narrative is open as it does not explain any of the plot, but sets the scene, introduces the main characters and give the audience an insight as to what the film may be about and what genre it is.
Overall, this is a good film opening as it meets the criteria of what a film opening should do-set the scene, introduce main characters and inform the audience as to what the film may be about. There is also a good use of editing and sound. However, they could have considered the use of mise more and not many camera angles were used.
This opening is also from IGS Media and is called Love in Lost and War
The producers of this opening have considered their use of titles. They have all of the titles in the correct order, and the writing is authentic and helps establish that the film is set in a different time period by telling the audience of the year. Also, the black background the titles are on holds connotations of death, connoting that there may be death involved in this film.
The main title of the film shows that the film is a romance. This is later enhanced when the female protagonist gets the letter informing her that her husband has died.
There is a good use of sound within this opening. The classical non-diegetic music is not modern, and therefore connotes that the film is going to be set in an earlier period. It is also slow, creating a sad atmosphere connoting that this is not going to be a stereotypical love story. The use of diegetic dialogue is useful as it explain to the audience what has happened as it reads the letter, further enhancing the connotations that this is not going to be a stereotypical love story, but enhance the difficulties and losses people felt during the time of the war.
Continuity is kept through out this opening, making it easier for the audience to understand. Also fade to black transitions are used to show that time has passed. This connotes that she has been waiting a long time for her husband to return.
It is also evident that camera angles have been considered when this opening was being produced. A high angle shot is used on the woman when she is sitting on the blanket. This connotes that she is vunerable and weak alone. Also, an establishing shot is used when she is sitting on the blanket to show the audience that she is alone. In addition, a close up is used when the letter is being handed to the protagonist. This connotes that it is important and its significance with in the film.
Although there is a lot revealed within this opening, the narrative is open. This is because it is not clear what the film is going to show. It is possible that a flashback is used to show the couples life together. It is also possible that it could tell the female protagonists story after the death of her husband.
Overall, this is a good film opening. This is because all of the titles are in the correct order and the use of mise and sound make the opening look form the time of the war. Also editing is this peice is good and it is clear camera angles have been considered. However, a lot is revealed within this opening. This is both a positive and a negative because not alot of information about the film should be revealed with in a film opening, however, it is not clear what the main plot of the film is going to be about.
This opening is from Chelmer Valley High School and is called Solitude
The white titles in this opening connote the innocence of some of the characters, however flash too quickly and do not reflect the pace of the opening. The main film title is clear, and helps show that the film is a horror due to the black background holding connotations of death, and the red text connoting blood and danger.
It is evident the producers of this opening considered both diegetic and non diegetic sound. The slow sinister music helped to create the eerie atmosphere which fits with conventions of a horror film and also reflected the pace of the editing. The diegetic sound helped to show isolation, and highlighted the key moment of the man going into the house alone which is set up to look dangerous. This is a plot line commonly seen in horror films.
The slow paced editing is effective because, aided with the open narrative, it invites the audience to ask questions. However, there is a continuity error with the windscreen wipers, so editing is not as good as it could be.
The use of long shots helps to show the isolation of the main protagonist, and the first shot is powerful because you immediately see the main focus of the opening. The high angle shot used to show the arm of an assumed dead person and baseball bat connotes the vulnerability the person was feeling when they were alive, and how the main protagonist will be later in the film.
Overall, this is a good opening because it follows the conventions of a horror film, the narrative is open, there is a good use of sound and the titles are in the correct order. However, a wider use of camera angles could have been used and continuity kept. Also, the titles should have been slower to benefit the audience.
Looking at these past film opening has helped show me what is effective and what is not. A horror genre does not appear to be a good genre for our opening as it seems hard to make realistic. Also, it would be very easy to create a cliche opening that may not look as professional. From this, it is clear that we need to consider our resources to make our film realistic. However, a psychological thriller may be a good genre to look at. This is because we will need minimal actors which will be helpful in terms of timing. Also, we will be able to select an average actor which will open up the possible actors, as not much of them will need to be seen. Not only does this make the task slightly easier for us with concerns of time, but also for our actor who will not be under a lot of pressure to learn lots of lines. It is important to consider the ability of the actor in our film opening in order for it to look realistic and professional. We will also be able to use a wide range of camera shots, without following the general trend of student films, making ours unique. Another effective genre could be social realism. We would be able to relate to the plot more, allowing us to be more creative and have a better understanding when we need to meet the needs of Mise. However, we would need to be careful that we do not show too much of the plot with in the opening.
Film Titles have progressed a lot since the 1920s. This post talks about the development of film titles over the years.
1920s
When film titles were first being produced in the 1920s, they were very minmalistic with a black screen with the titles being shown in white. This is due to a lack of technology.
1930s-1955
During this time, film titles began to develop more and were made more visually appealing. This was because the titles were accompanied by still images and a musical score. The credits also grew longer.
1955
Titles were accompanied by a series of music although to begin with not a lot of dialogue was used. This meant that they were often ambiguous until the film began. This is still used today.
Late 1990s
Titles began to be built around animation and motion graphic. Today, opening film titles can contain anything, providing that the names appear in the correct set order.
Within an opening sequence, the following should be established:
Genre
Narrative
Character
Atmosphere
Themes
Setting
Sound
Title
The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (2011)
The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo is a thriller whichwas released in 2011 and stars Daniel Craig and Rooney Mara. It was directed by David Fincher and is a Yellow Bird Production.
The audience are able to establish that the film has a genre of thriller within this opening sequence. The editing is fast paced, which will be echoed throughout the duration of the film and all the images are dark. This creates an enigma, this thematic convention implies that the film will be full of action. The enigma also connotes that there will be an element of mystery to the film, adding to the genre of thriller. Further more, the editing is fast paced and this should be echoed throughout the film. This further supports the film's thriller genre.
Like most film openings, The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo opening has an open narrative as it does not reveal anything of the plot. The opening provides more questions than answers as many images are seen but do not appear to link, therefore none of the plots is revealed. This is common in the openings of films as the opening should not reveal the plot. However, often film trailers have a closed narrative as the are a montage of clips from the film so ofter reveal the plot line.
Often within film openings, the protagonist is established. In this opening, the protagonist is not fully established. However, both a male and female figures are seen, making the audience question if they are the protagonists. Also, the music played was originally sung by a man, however in this extract is sung by a female. This makes the audience question further if the main protagonist is female.
A dark atmosphere is created in this opening. This thematic convention is stereotypically linked with the genre thriller. The main colour used is black which holds connotations of death and negativity. Also, the images used are abstract, connoting that the film may be a little strange, enhancing the dark and sinister atmosphere. Also, many of the images seen in the opening hold happy and positive connotations, for example the flowers. However, in the extract the flower is black as opposed to colourful, contributing to the dark atmosphere as it has given an object with positive connotations negative ones.
All film openings must contain the main title of the film. The main title is seen at 22 seconds in this opening and is clear as it is white, making it stand out from the black background, and is the only thing on screen at the time. The font it is written in is plain and simple. It also is appropriate for the genre.
Overall, this is an effective opening sequence as it has an open narrative by not revealing the plot line. This invites the audience to ask questions about the film making them watch on. It is also clear that the film is a thriller with a dark atmosphere. It is good to establish the genre and atmosphere within the opening sequence as it will allow the audience to assess if they would like to continue to watch the film.
Love Actually (2003)
Love Actually is a romance which was released in 2003. It was produced by Universal Pictures, Studio Canal and Working Title and stars Hugh Grant.
http://youtu.be/PMScPVO4rLw (the link would not embed)
From this opening, it is clear the the genre of the film is romance. This is because the diegetic voice over discusses the various types of love and also talks about it in a positive light. Also, the images are of people being reunited with the people they love, and them expressing their love towards each other. Because of this, love is the theme seen in this opening too.
Like most other film openings, this film opening has an open narrative as the narrator does not tell the audience about the plot, and the images shown do not reveal the plot either. This is common in film openings.
Like The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, the characters of the film are not introduced in this opening as it shows many clips of people being reunited. However, the voice over is male, questioning if the protagonist is male as he stands out to the audience. This supports the open narrative because the people seen in the opening are not able to reveal any of the plot.
In contrast to The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, a happy and positive atmosphere is created within this opening. This is partly due to the high key natural lighting and steady paced editing, which connotes positiveness. Also, the narrator speaks of love in a positive way which often people do not see it in. This immediately makes the audience feel more positive, creating a happy atmosphere which is echoed throughout the film. This is further supported by the happy images which show a positive and happy side to love.
The title of the film is also established within this opening. It is the final title shown, and stands out as it is on a black background and is written in red and white. This is effective as the title Love Actually is a conclusion of what the narrator has explained.
Overall, this is also a successful opening sequence. This is because it is clear what the film is about as it has the reoccurring theme of love. However, it does not reveal the plot line. The atmosphere is also quickly established, allowing the audience to see that it is a light hearted film.
My Best Friend's Wedding (1997)
This film is a Comedy and Romance produced in 1997 by TriStar Pictures. It stars Julia Roberts and was directed by P. J. Hogan.
From this opening, it is possible to identify the genre of romance due to the pink background holding connotations of love. Also, the theme of weddings of seen through the bride and her bridesmaids singing about love and relationships. Also, a comedy genre is established by the lyrics of the songs and the over exaggerated happiness of the characters.
This opening also has an open narrative. Although the theme of weddings and romance are present, applying that the film is about a wedding, the opening does not reveal what is going to happen. This makes the narrative open.
There is a light hearted atmosphere created with the high key lighting, steady slow paced editing, comic elements, bright characters and the theme of weddings.
The titles are written in writing that is typically written in a font that is associated with wedding invitations, further enhancing the theme of weddings.
Also, the main protagonist is established within this opening. The bride is seen throughout the opening as the centre of attention, connoting that she is the main female protagonist. Also her bridesmaids who could also be her friends are also established as characters.
Overall, this is an effective film opening. This is because it is clear what the film is going to be about because of the establsihed themes. It also reveals the main character but does not reveal the plot line although it give the audience an insite into the film.
Se7en (1995)
This film is a Crime and Drama produced by New Line Cinema in 1995. It stars Morgan Freeman and was directed by David Fincher.
The genre of this opening appears to be horror because a dark and sinister atmosphere is created through low lighting, fast paced editing and dark colours. Also, the only character who is only partially established appears to be isolated, possibly trapped or planning a plan.
An open narrative is seen in this opening as none of the plot is revealed. Instead a series of clips are seen only revealing the characters hands, inviting the audience to ask questions about the film and who the protagonist of the film is.
No theme is fully established in this opening, however the theme of crime is suggested. This is through the techno non diegetic music which adds suspicion to the opening. Also, the character appears to be isolated and undergoes activities which enhances his reserveness such as peeling his skin. Because an inegma and suspicion are built around the character, the theme of crime is implied.
The titles are written in a scruffy handwriting and are presented on a black background which holds connotations of death. However, the titles are written in white, possibly conoting the innocence of the character in the opening.
Overall, this is an effective film opening because an element of suspicion is created through the open narrative, sinister atmosphere and eeiry character. This encourages the audience to ask questions about the film and encourages them to continue watching.
The Fall (2006)
The Fall was produced in 2006 by Googly Films and Absolute Entertainment. Directed by Tarshem Singh the drama and fantasy stars Dan Gilroy.
There is a lack of non-diegetic sound at the begining of the opening. This is effective as it makes the diegetic sound if the man gasping for breath more powerful when he comes out of the water.The classical non-diegetic music when the workers are seen on the train is also effetcive as it helps to pick the pace up of the opening as it had been slow until then. There is also a lack of diegetic sound which makes the actions and mime of the characters more powerful. This helps to engage the audience. Slow motion is also used to reflect the sound and actions.
The narrative of the opening is open even though a lot of action happens with in it. It is open as it is not clear how the ending shot was established and tells the audience that the film is going to be about a chain of events that will lead to that result. The opening is also intriguing as it proposes more questions than it answers. However, it could also have the opposite effect on the audience. The opening seems to be quite confusing as none of the events seemed to tie together enough to get the end result. Also, the end result seen is also obscure. The audience may think that this confusion will be echoed throughout the film and therefore stop watching it.
The genre is also established with in the opening. It is clear that it is a drama as alot of action is seen in the opening. The genre of fantasy is also suggested through horses being suspended from a bridge as that idea is quite surreal.
Further more there is a good use of camera angles with in this opening. An arial shot is used to show the man lying in the water. This helps to show the audience where he is and that he is alone. It also connotes his venerability as he is seen as small and alone. Also many establishing shots are used in the opening. This helps the audience establish that they film is set in the country which is suggested through the barren land and how isolated the characters appear to be.
Like most film openings, this opening established the characters of the film. A possible protagonist is seen at the beginning extract as he comes out of the water. This suggests that he may be a protagonist because the attention at the beginning of the opening is based around him. Another group of characters established are the people on the train. A couple are also established who were sitting and watching the horses being pulled out of the water. It is suggested that all of these characters have separate stories because until the end of the opening they are not seen on screen together.
finally, the titles are in the correct order. This is a good example of a film opening to look at in terms of titles because the main title is seen towards the beginning of the opening where as most students put it at the end of their opening. This is something we need to remember when producing our film openings.
Overall, this opening is also good. This is because it proposes more questions that in provides answers, encouraging the audience to continue to watch the film. It also establishes the genre and makes it clear to the audience what it is going to be about. There is also a good use of camera angles and sound.
The Notebook (2004)
The Notebook is a romance film produced in 2004 by New Line Cinema. Directed by Nick Cassarettes, the film stars James Garner.
The genre of this film is romance. This is seen within this opening by the red setting, holding connotations of love. Also the two characters who appear to be the protagonists of the film are the only two people seen. By the way the woman is watching the man row down the river, it connotes that she loves him.
The narrative of this opening is open.This is because the opening does not reveal any of the plot line, just shows the audience the two main protagonists who appear to be in love.
There is a clam atmosphere created within this opening. This is partly due to the slow paced editing and movement seen in the opening. Also, the film appears to be set by a river or lake which appears to be isolated. This connotes a clam and peaceful environment which is reflected in the atmosphere. Also, the colours used in this opening are warm and the music slow. This makes the audience feel more relaxed which then helps to create a calm atmosphere.
The non-diegetic music heard is a piano playing slowly and quietly. This helps enhance the calm atmosphere as it is slow paced. Also, it connotes the genre of romance because it is the style of music people could dance to. However, as the music is slow paced it does not generate a hugely positive atmosphere, connoting that the love story may not be happy.
Overall, this is a good film opening because all of the titles are in the correct order in a suitable font. Also, not lot of the plot is established, due to the open narrative, but the protagonists of the film are seen and the genre is established. Also, the relaxed atmosphere and slow pace of the opening helps show that the film is not going to be full of action.
This exercise is going to help us when we come to produce our film opening for a number of reasons. Firstly, it has helped show us what makes a good film opening such as the genre being clear and there being a reasonable amount of action took keep the audience interested, but not too much to reveal the plot and to keep an open narrative. Also, by looking at different genre, it has helped highlight a few of the basic conventions used with in a certain genre. We will look at these conventions more closely when we study genre in debth. We will need to consider the aspects of good film openings to ensure that we use them within our opening. Also, we will need to consider the aspects seen in these film openings that made them less successful. An example of this is the information shown in The Fall as it did not make a lot of sense. We will need to consider these aspects to ensure we do not make the same mistakes.
In order to be able to produce an effective film opening, it is important that we understand the difference between film openings and trailers.
Film trailers do the following:
Provide information about the film
Show a montage of clips
There is normally a voice over, and the title of the film is shown at the end of the trailer with the actor's names
Have a tage line
Show the institution logo
For example, this is the official film trailer for My Sisters Keeper (2009)
It is clear that this is a film trailer because the main characters are introduced as is the plot line. The montage of clips and narration helps demonstrate what the film is about and shows both the difficulties and happiness the family faces. Also, institution logos and the film titles is seen at the end of the trailer.
In contrast, film openings do the following:
Provide details of cast, crew and institution
show the film title
Introduce the main protagonist
Introduce the setting and historical period
Provide information providing mood, tone, theme and genre that will be echoed throughout the film
Invites the audience to ask questions about the film
Shows patterns in the types of editing that will be echoed throughout the film
Sets the film up but does not reveal anything of the plot.
This is the opening for The Shining (1980)
It is clear that this is a film opening. This is because credits are seen and unlike the trailer for My Sisters Keeper, there is not a montage if clips and none of the plot is revealed, only the setting which seems isolated. The open narrative invited the audience to ask questions about the film, and the slow paced editing and slow, low toned non-diegetic music helped to created a dark and sinister atmosphere that would be echoed throughout the film.
